Effect of splenectomy on liver regeneration and function following partial hepatectomy: experimental study

The presence of enough remaining functioning liver parenchyma to avoid life-threatening postoperative liver failure is a major prerequisite for hepatic resection in patients with hepato biliary carcinoma. There are clinical reports which confirm the beneficial clinical effects of splenectomy on integrity of the residual liver following liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients with hypersplenism and portal hypertension. This experimental study was designed on hamsters to evaluate the proliferative capacity and function of the remaining liver lobes; in which splenectomy was done simultaneously with partial hepatectomy compared with those in which splenectomy was not done. Forty hamsters were divided into two groups: GI; in which partial hepatectomy was performed without splenectomy and the GIl; in which animals were subjected to partial hepatectomy with prior splenectomy. Animals from each group were subjected to liver biopsy from the remaining lobes 48, 72 hours and one week after surgery. Also, serum alanine aminotransferase [ALT] and total bilirubin were tested before, 48, 72 hours and one week after hepatectomy. Hepatic regeneration in the remaining lobes was assessed through histo-pathological study, DNA ploidy of the hepatic nuclei using computerized image analysis system and determining of the labeling index of the nuclear factor NF Kappa B [P105], a novel monoclonal antibody specific for P105 protein by immunohistochemistry. In GIl: induction of NK kappa B [PI05] labeling index showed maximum expression depending on the regenerative capacity of the remaining liver lobes. In contrast, in GI; liver regeneration was slow. Also, changes in liver function of Gil indicated that splenectomy prior hepatecotomy may minimize dysfunction in the remaining hypertrophied liver lobes

Determination of the prognostic value of cyclin D1, C-erb B-2, KI-67 and the nucleolar organizer regions [AgNORs] in breast cancer

Four different types of measurements of prognostic factors [cyclin Dl, C-erb B-2, Ki-67 and AgNORs] were applied to a series of 70 breast lesions representing, 35 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma, 10 cases of invasive lobular carcinoma, 5 cases of tubular carcinoma, 10 cases of ducted carcinoma in situ, 10 cases of atypical ductal hyperplasia [ADH], in addition to 7 cases of normal breast tissue as a control, in combination with clinicopathological parameters to evaluate their prognostic significance in breast cancer. Expression of cyclin Dl is negative in atypical ductal hyperplasia [ADH] and ductal carcinoma in situ [DCIS]. However, in 29/50 [58%] of invasive cancer breast, positive expression of cyclin Dl was observed. There is a significant association was observed between cyclin Dl expression and distant metastasis, recurrence, and five-year survival rate of the patients with breast cancer. There is also a significant correlation between C-erb B-2 expression and distant metastases, recurrence and 5-year survival rate. The Ki-67 label index and AgNORs count was found to correlate significantly and increased gradually with progression of breast lesions. The AgNORs size, shape and distribution was found to show a characteristic difference between benign, atypical and malignant groups. Malignant cells were characterized by an irregularly scattered distribution of AgNORs and by a pleomorphic size and shape of the dots in comparison to the round, uniform and regular size and shape of the AgNORs dots in benign lesions. Positive expression of cyclin DI C-erb B-2, Ki-67 and high AgNORs score could be serve as a poor prognostic markers for patients with breast carcinoma independent of nodal metastases and clinical parameters, also expression of cyclin Dl could help in diagnosis of early invasion of breast carcinoma

nuclear proliferation antigen in chronic lymphoproliferative disease

To determine whether the proliferation rates of tumour cells, in chronic lymphoproliferative disorders may reflect disease activity and relate to prognosis, we studied the expression of ki-67% [a nuclear proliferation marker] by alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase technique [APAAP], in peripheral blood and bone marrow mononuclear cells [separated on Ficoll-Hypaque] and in lymph-node biopsies, from patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia [CLL], chronic lymphatic leukemia/prolymphocytic leukemia [CLL/PLL], prolymphocytic leukemia [PLL] and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with leukemic phase. The proliferation rate was determined for these patients at presentation and again two months after therapy [to detect any change with therapy]. We found that the highest rate of proliferation in each group was parallel to the degree of malignancy i.e. PLL showed higher proliferation than CLL/PLL, and CLL/PLL showed higher proliferation than CLL. In the NHL group the highest proliferation rate was found in the high-grade NHL. followed by intermediate grade NHL then the low grade NHL Lymph node biopsies also showed the same relation between proliferation rates and degree of malignancy. Bone marrow cells did not show a particular pattern probably due to interference from the erythroid element and contamination by peripheral blood. Ki-67% was compared to other proliferation markers serum B2 micro globulin and lactate dehydrogenase, It was found to be an independent marker of proliferation it is unaffected by hepatic, renal and gastrointestinal elements and thus its specificity for the tumour proliferation